January 21, 2018
In this video, I show 10 essential things to do after installing Debian Testing (Stretch) with Xfce desktop environment. In the previous video I showed how to install Debian testing in the right.
Kevin Cazelles
David Beauchesne
14min Feb 24, 2018 -- add a seflfie
Apr 17, 2018 -- new gist (won't be updated anymore)
Aug 9, 2019 -- fix links and 2 typos
Apr 17, 2018 -- new gist (won't be updated anymore)
Aug 9, 2019 -- fix links and 2 typos
This post details my Debian Stretch setup on my Lenovo ThinkPad T470p.I got this machine in early August 2017, so I now have almost 6 months worth of experience onDebian and I thought it was a good time to 1- document the rationale behind my move fromMacOS to Debian 2- explain how I set my computer up and 3- how I rate my appreciation ofworking on Debian. Any comments/questions about what follows? Please, feel freeto use the Disqus section at the end of the post.
Go Debian
From MacOS to Linux
I have been a MacOS user for a long time mainly because my father was himselfa MacOS user. I remember back to 2005 how weird it sounded to be aMac aficionado compared to how trendy it is nowadays. According to me, Applestill makes good computers and the money spent on their products if generally worth the performance.However, given the trend of making computers as thin as possible, a Mac user has less and lesscontrol over his hardwareand given the costs associated with having a Mac (adapters, repair costs, etc.),owning a Mac progressively became much less appealing to me. Even less so sincesuspicions of planned obsolescence.surfaced. Moreover, since I started doing more and more coding, I realized how rarely I was using Apple’ssoftwares in favor of many freeware. The list of softwares Iused on my MacOS is actually very similar to the one I use on Debian and thatI present below. It therefore occurred to me that I really had no valid reasonto keep using MacOS and I decided to go Linux. So far, soooooo good ?.
Why Debian?
The choice of Linux distribution is huge, as you can see on the dedicatedwikipedia page.As I had only a little experience with Linux, mainly Ubuntu on universitycomputers and Raspbian on my Raspberry Pi,I had no strong opinion or inclination to any particular distribution.After spending some time reading comparisons of Linux distributionsI concluded that what matters the most was my motivation to learn more andI decided to go Debian, a.k.a. the mother of many Linux distributions.
I do not want to go into much details about Debian. First, because I am still very mucha beginner and I do not want to make any glaring mistake and offend anyone! Second because you will learn way moreby searching on the web, especially on the official websiteand reading exhaustive manuals such as Debian Developer’s Referenceand The Debian Administrator’s Handbook.
It is nonetheless useful to have a broad understanding of Debian’s development.Basically there are four different kinds of Debian releasesnamed after Toy Story’s characters:
- unstable: always named Sid;
- testing: currently Buster;
- stable: currently Stretch (Debian 9);
- old stable: Jessie, Wheezy (oldold stable) and previous.
As explained in this post by J.A. Watson,all new Debian packages, including new versions of existing packages, firstenter the Debian testing process through the unstable release.After a couple of tests, a new package goes to the testing release where it stays for a longer period.Depending on the kind of package, it may or may not spread to stable and old stablereleases (see https://wiki.debian.org/StableUpdates). In reality, the majorityof new package versions do not spread further and are instead accumulated as testing releases.
When developing the next stable Debian release, the latest version of packages arefrozen, softly at first and then permanently, meaning that new developments forthe next stable Debian release are gradually stopped. This frozen period is thetime to perform tests and address bugs, necessary developments in order to releasea stable version. Essentially, all this means is that package versions includedin a new stable Debian release are slightly outdated at the time of the stableversion release, which does not preclude packages from being further developed orrender new development inaccessible. One simply has to install the testing versionof Debian to access up-to-date packages.
Debian packages I said? Well they basically are softwares for Debian. Let’s saythat they are non-random sets of files that Debian can install using
dpkg -i
.Many packages are available online and you can readily install them using asingle line of command to the package manager apt-get
. If you are interested, I inviteyou to have a look at the list of mirrors formingthe main Debian package repository available online. To illustrate this, in thevideo below I navigate to a mirror and show where pandoc is stored.1- Get a bootable USB stick
I decided to go with the stable release of Debian so, in August, 2017, that meant installingStretch (actually released on June 17th, 2017). To get the Debian installer, you shouldsimply know your architecture and visit the official website.On a recent laptop using an intel processor, it must be amd64.So, I downloaded the debian-installer for amd64 architecture. I was quitefamiliar with installing Ubuntu or MacOS with USB stickbut I was unable to remember the command lines required, so I googledsomething like “bootable USB stick Debian Stretch” and got an answersimilar to this conversation on stackexchange.Keep in mind that I was on MacOS before!
2- A small modification in the BIOS
BIOS ([…] an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is non-volatile firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS)
Before you can install a new OS on your new computer, you may have to change somesettings in the BIOS. In my case, I certainly did! When booting a Lenovo ThinkPad,the first image that pops up is the Lenovo logo and the following message:
To interrupt normal startup press Enter
So I pressed
Enter
and then F1
to access the BIOS. I opened the Security table anddisabled the Secure Boot option to be able to boot on the USB stick. As I neededa non-free firmware to use the Wi-Fi I plugged my device on an Ethernet Cableand seamlessly followed the different steps to successfully install DebianStretch. Unfortunately, I did not record everything I did, but it is essentially what isdescribed in The Debian Administrator’s Handbook.I chose an installation that includes Gnomeand a collection of very useful freewares such as LibreOffice,Inkscape and Octave.Gnome, gnome-tweak-tools and shortcuts
I made three short videos to show you:
- How to get the gnome version you are using with the GUI;
- how to tweak your gnome even more. I personally added the papirus iconsand Vimix dark them. you can findmany good-looking themes on gnome-look;
- where to find and add keyboard bindings (for instance to record the screencastsbelow
ctrl+alt+shift+R
).
Gnome version
Keyboard bindings
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